Sufficient litter and recycling bins can be placed in cities, and on beaches in coastal areas to accelerate the prevention and reduction of plastic pollution.Governments, research institutions and industries also need to work collaboratively redesigning products, and rethink their usage and disposal, in order to reduce microplastics waste from pellets, synthetic textiles and tyres. 2018）。 Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea 66300pieces/km2 Eriksenらのシミュレーション結果との重畳 2016年 2000年を比較 北太平洋亜熱帯循環→ ←北太平洋亜熱帯循環 分布の傾向は変わらない？
Sorting through collected debris.Copyright © Marine Litter Solutions A growing concern regarding plastic pollution in the marine ecosystem is the use of microplastics. Types of Marine Debris and Litter.
蚊などの翅虫は、鳥やコウモリ、クモなどに食べられます。つまり水中にあったマイクロプラスチックは、翅虫（の体に入って）空を飛ぶことで、陸上の生物に食べられて、水中から陸上へと移動してしまうことを意味します（Al-Jaibachi et al. Toxic contaminants also accumulate on the surface of plastic materials as a result of prolonged exposure to seawater. Knowledge of the full extent of plastic pollution and its impacts would provide policy-makers, manufacturers and consumers with scientific evidence needed to spearhead appropriate technological, behavioural and policy solutions. At the 2015 G7 summit in Bavaria, Germany, the risks of microplastics were acknowledged in the Leaders’ Declaration.Legal efforts have been made at the international and national levels to address marine pollution.
Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, half of which is used to design single-use items such as shopping bags, cups and straws.At least 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year. However, compliance with these laws is still poor, partly due to limited financial resources to enforce them. 海外の会社名の末尾に付けられている"Pty Ltd."とは何の略でどんな意味なのでしょうか。教えていただけたら幸いです。よろしくお願いします。蛇足ですが、"Pty Ltd."は"Co Ltd."よりもマイナーで、しばしばオーストラリア関係の会社に付 Plastics can help prolong the freshness of food. They can help shield and transport sterilized medical supplies. And many also are resistant to degradation and persist in the marine environment.Cigarettes/cigarette filtersWe know that plastics are essential to modern life.
Roughly 70 percent of marine litter, such as glass, metal, and all sorts of marine equipment and other refuse, sinks to the ocean floor, according to UNEP.While marine litter consists of all sorts of materials, many plastics float or remain suspended in water, making them more visible. Some marine animals ingest There are many types of marine litter. スターバックスは2020年までに全世界に展開する2万8千の店舗でプラスチックストローを廃止する計画を発表しました（Starbuks NEWSROOM 2018)。 スターバックスは、プラスチックストローの代わりになるものを生産し、広めていく予定ですが、その代わりになるモノとはなんでしょう？
Microplastics are little beads of plastic less than 5 millimeters wide, and they are commonly found in hand soaps, face cleansers, and other exfoliators.
They also suffer from lacerations, infections, reduced ability to swim, and internal injuries. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) considers plastic marine debris and its ability to transport harmful substances as one of the main emerging issues affecting the environment. Floating plastic debris are currently the most abundant items of marine litter.
Some marine animals ingest smaller plastic particles and choke or starve. Existing international legally binding instruments should be further explored to address plastic pollution.Recycling and reuse of plastic materials are the most effective actions available to reduce the environmental impacts of open landfills and open-air burning that are often practiced to manage domestic waste. They can meet resource needs and reduce waste, energy use, and emissions. The most important are the 1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (or the London Convention), the 1996 Protocol to the London Convention (the London Protocol), and the 1978 Protocol to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
There are many types of marine litter. net（ネット）もgross（グロス）もビジネス関係でよく聞かれるカタカナ英語になっています。最近の流行りのカタカナ英語というよりはもう少し古くから普通に使われている印象があります。net（ネット）が「正味の」といった意味で経費などを差し引いた純利益の部分に対して使われます。